$\alpha$-Projectable and laterally $\alpha$-complete Archimedean lattice-ordered groups with weak unit via topology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Mathematics, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, USA

2 Department of Mathematics and CS, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459.

10.48308/cgasa.2023.234039.1448

Abstract

Let $\bf{W}$ be the category of Archimedean lattice-ordered groups with weak order unit, $\bf{Comp}$ the category of compact Hausdorff spaces, and $\mathbf{W} \xrightarrow{Y} \mathbf{Comp}$ the Yosida functor, which represents a $\bf{W}$-object $A$ as consisting of extended real-valued functions $A \leq D(YA)$ and uniquely for various features. This yields topological mirrors for various algebraic ($\bf{W}$-theoretic) properties providing close analysis of the latter. We apply this to the subclasses of $\alpha$-projectable, and laterally $\alpha$-complete objects, denoted $P(\alpha)$ and $L(\alpha)$, where $\alpha$ is a regular infinite cardinal or $\infty$. Each $\bf{W}$-object $A$ has unique minimum essential extensions $A \leq p(\alpha) A \leq l(\alpha) A$ in the classes $P(\alpha)$ and $L(\alpha)$, respectively, and the spaces $Yp(\alpha) A$ and $Yl(\alpha) A$ are recognizable (for the most part); then we write down what $p(\alpha) A$ and $l(\alpha) A$ are as functions on these spaces. The operators $p(\alpha)$ and $l(\alpha)$ are compared: we show that both preserve closure under all implicit functorial operations which are finitary. The cases of $A = C(X)$ receive special attention. In particular, if ($\omega < \alpha$) $l(\alpha) C(X) = C(Yl(\alpha) C(X))$, then $X$ is finite. But ($\omega \leq \alpha$) for infinite $X$, $p(\alpha) C(X)$ sometimes is, and sometimes is not, $C(Yp(\alpha) C(X))$.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Anderson, M. and Feil, T., “Lattice-Ordered Groups; an Introduction”, Reidel Texts, Math. Sci., Kluwer, 1988.
[2] Ball, R.N. and Hager, A.W., Epicompletion of Archimedean ℓ-groups and vector lattices with weak unit, J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. A 48(1) (1990), 25-56.
[3] Ball, R.N., Marra, V., McNeil, D., and Pedrini, A., From Freudenthal’s spectral theorem to projectable hulls of unital Archimedean lattice-groups, through compactifications of minimal spectra, Forum Math. 30(2) (2018), 513-526.
[4] Bigard, A., Keimel, K., and Wolfenstein, S., “Groupes et Anneaux Reticules”, Lecture Notes in Math. 608, Springer, 1977.
[5] Bleier, R.D., The SP-hull of a lattice-ordered group, Canad. J. Math. 26(4) (1974), 866-878.[6] Buskes, G.J.H.M., Disjoint sequences and completeness properties, Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Indag. Math. 47(1) (1985), 11-19.
[7] Carrera, R. and Hager, A.W., On hull classes of ℓ-groups and covering classes of spaces, Math. Slovaca 61(2) (2011), 411-428.
[8] Carrera, R. and Hager, A.W., Bounded equivalence of hull classes in Archimedean lattice-ordered groups with unit, Appl. Categ. Structures 24 (2016), 163-179.
[9] Carrera, R. and Hager, A.W., A classification of hull operators in Archimedean lattice-ordered groups with weak unit, Categ. Gen. Algebr. Struct. Appl. 13(1) (2020),83-103.
[10] Carrera, R. and Hager, A.W., Some modifications of hull operators in Archimedean lattice-ordered groups with weak unit, (to appear).
[11] Chambless, D.A., Representation of the projectable and strongly projectable hulls of a lattice-ordered group Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 34(2) (1972), 346-350.
[12] Darnel, M.R., “Theory of lattice-ordered groups”, Monographs and Textbooks in Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 187, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995.
[13] Dashiel, F., Hager, A.W., and Henriksen, M., Order-Cauchy completions of rings and vector lattices of continuous functions, Canad. J. Math. 32 (1980), 657-685.
[14] Fine, N., Gillman, L., and Lambek J., “Rings of Quotients of Rings of Functions”, McGill Univ. Press, Montreal, 1965.
[15] Gillman, L. and Jerison, M., “Rings of Continuous Functions”, The University Series in Higher Mathematics. Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1960. (Reprinted as Springer-Verlag Graduate Texts 43, 1976.)
[16] Gleason, A.M., Projective topological spaces, Illinois J. Math. 2 (1958), 482-489.
[17] Hager, A.W., Algebraic closures of ℓ-groups of continuous functions, In: “Rings of continuous functions”, Lecture Notes in Pure and Appl. Math. 95, 149-164, Dekker, 1985.
[18] Hager, A.W., A description of HSP-like classes, and applications, Pacific J. Math. 125(1) (1986), 93-102.
[19] Hager, A.W., Minimal covers of topological spaces, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 552 (1989), 44-59.
[20] Hager, A.W., α-cut complete Boolean algebras, Algebra Universalis 39(1-2) (1998), 57-70.
[21] Hager, A.W., A note on αcozero-complemented spaces and αBorel sets, Houston J. Math. 25(4) (1999), 679-685.
[22] Hager, A.W., Kimber, C.M., and McGovern, W.W., Weakly least integer closed groups, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo (2) 52(3) (2003), 453-480.
[23] Hager, A.W. and Martinez, J., α-Projectable and laterally α-complete archimedean lattice-ordered groups, In S. Bernau (ed.): “Proc. Conf. on Mem. of T. Retta (Temple U., PA/Addis Ababa, 1995)”, Ethiopian J. Sci. 19 (1996), 73-84.
[24] Hager, A.W. and Martinez, J., Hulls for various kinds of α-completeness in archimedean lattice-ordered groups, Order 16 (1999), 98-103.
[25] Hager, A.W. and McGovern, W.W., The projectable hull of an archimedean ℓ-group with weak unit, Categ. Gen. Algebr. Struct. Appl. 7(1) (2017), 165-179.
[26] Hager, A.W. and Robertson, L.C., Representing and ringifying a Riesz space, Symp. Math. 21 (1977), 411-431.
[27] Hager, A.W. and Robertson, L.C., Extremal units in an archimedean Riesz space, Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova 59 (1978), 97-115.
[28] Hager, A.W. and Wynne, B., Atoms in the lattice of covering operators in compact Hausdorff spaces, Topology Appl. 289 (2021), 107402.
[29] Henriksen, M., Isbell, J.R., and Johnson, D.G., Residue class fields of lattice-ordered algebras, Fund. Math. 50 (1961), 107-117.
[30] Henriksen, M. and Johnson, D., On the structure of a class of archimedean latticeordered algebras, Fund. Math. 50 (1961), 73-94.
[31] Isbell, J., Atomless parts of spaces, Math. Scand. 31 (1972), 5-32.
[32] Luxemburg, W. and Zaanen, A., “Riesz Spaces I”, North Holland, 1971.
[33] Madden, J.J. and Vermeer, J., Epicomplete Archimedean ℓ-groups via a localic Yosida theorem, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 68(1-2) (1990), 243-253.
[34] Martinez, J., Hull classes of Archimedean lattice-ordered groups with unit: a survey, In: “Ordered algebraic structures”, Dev. Math., vol. 7, pp. 89-121. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
[35] Martinez, J. and McGovern, W.W., When the maximum ring of quotients of C(X) is uniformly complete, Topology Appl. 116(2) (2001), 185-198.
[36] Porter, J.R. and Woods, R.G., “Extensions and absolutes of Hausdorff spaces”, Springer-Verlag, 1988.[37] Sikorski, R., “Boolean algebras”, Third edition, Springer-Verlag, 1969.
[38] Veksler, A.I. and Geiler, V.A., Order completeness and disjoint completeness of linear partially ordered spaces, Sibirsk. Mat. ˇZ 13 (1972), 43-51.
[39] Vermeer, J., The smallest basically disconnected preimage of a space, Topology Appl. 17(3) (1984), 217-232.
[40] Yosida, K., On vector lattices with a unit, Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo 17 (1941), 121-124.